diff --git a/plugins/permission-backend/src/service/PermissionIntegrationClient.test.ts b/plugins/permission-backend/src/service/PermissionIntegrationClient.test.ts
index 4be1b55379..9981496658 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-backend/src/service/PermissionIntegrationClient.test.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-backend/src/service/PermissionIntegrationClient.test.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ import express, { Router, RequestHandler } from 'express';
 import { RestContext, rest } from 'msw';
 import { setupServer, SetupServerApi } from 'msw/node';
 import { PluginEndpointDiscovery } from '@backstage/backend-common';
-import { AuthorizeResult } from '@backstage/plugin-permission-common';
+import {
+  AuthorizeResult,
+  PermissionCondition,
+  PermissionCriteria,
+} from '@backstage/plugin-permission-common';
 import { createPermissionIntegrationRouter } from '@backstage/plugin-permission-node';
 import { PermissionIntegrationClient } from './PermissionIntegrationClient';
 
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ describe('PermissionIntegrationClient', () => {
   describe('applyConditions', () => {
     let server: SetupServerApi;
 
-    const mockConditions = {
+    const mockConditions: PermissionCriteria<PermissionCondition> = {
       not: {
         allOf: [
           { rule: 'RULE_1', params: [] },
diff --git a/plugins/permission-common/src/PermissionClient.ts b/plugins/permission-common/src/PermissionClient.ts
index 58f4d44d20..45224afc91 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-common/src/PermissionClient.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-common/src/PermissionClient.ts
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ const permissionCriteriaSchema: z.ZodSchema<
       rule: z.string(),
       params: z.array(z.unknown()),
     })
-    .or(z.object({ anyOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema) }))
-    .or(z.object({ allOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema) }))
+    .or(z.object({ anyOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema).nonempty() }))
+    .or(z.object({ allOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema).nonempty() }))
     .or(z.object({ not: permissionCriteriaSchema })),
 );
 
diff --git a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts
index 287c7ffe83..cf1cdd403e 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts
@@ -72,14 +72,33 @@ export type PermissionCondition<TParams extends unknown[] = unknown[]> = {
   params: TParams;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Utility type to represent an array with 1 or more elements.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+export type NonEmptyArray<T> = [T, ...T[]];
+
+export type AllOfCriteria<TQuery> = {
+  allOf: NonEmptyArray<PermissionCriteria<TQuery>>;
+};
+
+export type AnyOfCriteria<TQuery> = {
+  anyOf: NonEmptyArray<PermissionCriteria<TQuery>>;
+};
+
+export type NotCriteria<TQuery> = {
+  not: PermissionCriteria<TQuery>;
+};
+
 /**
  * Composes several {@link PermissionCondition}s as criteria with a nested AND/OR structure.
  * @public
  */
 export type PermissionCriteria<TQuery> =
-  | { allOf: PermissionCriteria<TQuery>[] }
-  | { anyOf: PermissionCriteria<TQuery>[] }
-  | { not: PermissionCriteria<TQuery> }
+  | AllOfCriteria<TQuery>
+  | AnyOfCriteria<TQuery>
+  | NotCriteria<TQuery>
   | TQuery;
 
 /**
diff --git a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts
index b4453fcc63..fa98de73f1 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ export type {
   Identified,
   PermissionCondition,
   PermissionCriteria,
+  AllOfCriteria,
+  AnyOfCriteria,
+  NotCriteria,
 } from './api';
 export type { DiscoveryApi } from './discovery';
 export type {
diff --git a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createConditionTransformer.ts b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createConditionTransformer.ts
index 0e736b832c..94e7a3f76e 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createConditionTransformer.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createConditionTransformer.ts
@@ -25,17 +25,31 @@ import {
   isOrCriteria,
 } from './util';
 
+const nonEmpty = <T>(list: T[]): [T, ...T[]] => {
+  if (list.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Invalid conditions provided. Expected at least one item for `allOf`/`anyOf` criteria but received none.',
+    );
+  }
+
+  return list as [T, ...T[]];
+};
+
 const mapConditions = <TQuery>(
   criteria: PermissionCriteria<PermissionCondition>,
   getRule: (name: string) => PermissionRule<unknown, TQuery>,
 ): PermissionCriteria<TQuery> => {
   if (isAndCriteria(criteria)) {
     return {
-      allOf: criteria.allOf.map(child => mapConditions(child, getRule)),
+      allOf: nonEmpty(
+        criteria.allOf.map(child => mapConditions(child, getRule)),
+      ),
     };
   } else if (isOrCriteria(criteria)) {
     return {
-      anyOf: criteria.anyOf.map(child => mapConditions(child, getRule)),
+      anyOf: nonEmpty(
+        criteria.anyOf.map(child => mapConditions(child, getRule)),
+      ),
     };
   } else if (isNotCriteria(criteria)) {
     return {
diff --git a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.test.ts b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.test.ts
index 065c30a978..6408de46a1 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.test.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.test.ts
@@ -247,7 +247,8 @@ describe('createPermissionIntegrationRouter', () => {
               resourceRef: 'default:test/resource-1',
               resourceType: 'test-incorrect-resource-1',
               conditions: {
-                anyOf: [],
+                rule: 'test-rule-1',
+                params: [{}],
               },
             },
             {
@@ -255,7 +256,8 @@ describe('createPermissionIntegrationRouter', () => {
               resourceRef: 'default:test/resource-2',
               resourceType: 'test-resource',
               conditions: {
-                anyOf: [],
+                rule: 'test-rule-1',
+                params: [{}],
               },
             },
             {
@@ -263,7 +265,8 @@ describe('createPermissionIntegrationRouter', () => {
               resourceRef: 'default:test/resource-3',
               resourceType: 'test-incorrect-resource-2',
               conditions: {
-                anyOf: [],
+                rule: 'test-rule-1',
+                params: [{}],
               },
             },
           ],
diff --git a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.ts b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.ts
index 1b01660fb0..20c5cee20a 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/createPermissionIntegrationRouter.ts
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ const permissionCriteriaSchema: z.ZodSchema<
   PermissionCriteria<PermissionCondition>
 > = z.lazy(() =>
   z.union([
-    z.object({ anyOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema) }),
-    z.object({ allOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema) }),
+    z.object({ anyOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema).nonempty() }),
+    z.object({ allOf: z.array(permissionCriteriaSchema).nonempty() }),
     z.object({ not: permissionCriteriaSchema }),
     z.object({
       rule: z.string(),
diff --git a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/util.ts b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/util.ts
index d9457cfefc..3878e18895 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/util.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-node/src/integration/util.ts
@@ -14,22 +14,27 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { PermissionCriteria } from '@backstage/plugin-permission-common';
+import {
+  AllOfCriteria,
+  AnyOfCriteria,
+  NotCriteria,
+  PermissionCriteria,
+} from '@backstage/plugin-permission-common';
 import { PermissionRule } from '../types';
 
 export const isAndCriteria = (
   filter: PermissionCriteria<unknown>,
-): filter is { allOf: PermissionCriteria<unknown>[] } =>
+): filter is AllOfCriteria<unknown> =>
   Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(filter, 'allOf');
 
 export const isOrCriteria = (
   filter: PermissionCriteria<unknown>,
-): filter is { anyOf: PermissionCriteria<unknown>[] } =>
+): filter is AnyOfCriteria<unknown> =>
   Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(filter, 'anyOf');
 
 export const isNotCriteria = (
   filter: PermissionCriteria<unknown>,
-): filter is { not: PermissionCriteria<unknown> } =>
+): filter is NotCriteria<unknown> =>
   Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(filter, 'not');
 
 export const createGetRule = <TResource, TQuery>(