Merge pull request #32904 from backstage/rugvip/translation-export-import
cli: add translations export and import commands
This commit is contained in:
Patrik Oldsberg
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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---
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id: internationalization
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title: Internationalization (Experimental)
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description: Documentation on adding internationalization to the plugin
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title: Internationalization
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description: Documentation on adding internationalization to plugins and apps
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---
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## Overview
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The Backstage core function provides internationalization for plugins. The underlying library is [`i18next`](https://www.i18next.com/) with some additional Backstage typescript magic for type safety with keys.
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The Backstage core function provides internationalization for plugins and apps. The underlying library is [`i18next`](https://www.i18next.com/) with some additional Backstage typescript magic for type safety with keys.
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## For a plugin developer
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@@ -183,16 +183,56 @@ return (
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The return type of the outer `t` function will be a `JSX.Element`, with the underlying value being a React fragment of the different parts of the message.
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## For an application developer overwrite plugin messages
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## For an application developer
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Step 1: Create translation resources
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As an app developer you can both override the default English messages of any plugin, and provide translations for additional languages.
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You should separate different translations to their own files and import them in the main file:
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### Overriding messages
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To customize specific messages without adding new languages, create a translation resource that overrides the default English messages:
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```ts
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// packages/app/src/translations/catalog.ts
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import { createTranslationResource } from '@backstage/frontend-plugin-api';
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import { catalogTranslationRef } from '@backstage/plugin-catalog/alpha';
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export const catalogTranslations = createTranslationResource({
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ref: catalogTranslationRef,
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translations: {
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en: () =>
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Promise.resolve({
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default: {
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'indexPage.title': 'Service directory',
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'indexPage.createButtonTitle': 'Register new service',
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},
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}),
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},
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});
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```
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Then register it in your app:
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```diff
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+ import { catalogTranslations } from './translations/catalog';
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const app = createApp({
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+ __experimentalTranslations: {
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+ resources: [catalogTranslations],
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+ },
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})
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```
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You only need to include the keys you want to override — any missing keys fall back to the plugin's defaults.
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### Adding language translations
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To add support for additional languages, create translation resources with lazy-loaded message files for each language:
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```ts
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// packages/app/src/translations/userSettings.ts
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import { createTranslationResource } from '@backstage/core-plugin-api/alpha';
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import { createTranslationResource } from '@backstage/frontend-plugin-api';
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import { userSettingsTranslationRef } from '@backstage/plugin-user-settings/alpha';
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export const userSettingsTranslations = createTranslationResource({
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@@ -203,10 +243,12 @@ export const userSettingsTranslations = createTranslationResource({
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});
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```
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The translation messages can be defined using `createTranslationMessages` for type safety:
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```ts
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// packages/app/src/translations/userSettings-zh.ts
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import { createTranslationMessages } from '@backstage/core-plugin-api/alpha';
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import { createTranslationMessages } from '@backstage/frontend-plugin-api';
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import { userSettingsTranslationRef } from '@backstage/plugin-user-settings/alpha';
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const zh = createTranslationMessages({
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@@ -221,7 +263,7 @@ const zh = createTranslationMessages({
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export default zh;
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```
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It's also possible to export the list of messages directly:
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Or as a plain object export:
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```ts
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// packages/app/src/translations/userSettings-zh.ts
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@@ -239,11 +281,7 @@ export default {
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};
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```
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You should change `zh` under the translations object to your local language.
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Step 2: Config translations in `packages/app/src/App.tsx`
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In an app you can both override the default messages, as well as register translations for additional languages:
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Register it with the available languages declared:
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```diff
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+ import { userSettingsTranslations } from './translations/userSettings';
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@@ -256,6 +294,116 @@ In an app you can both override the default messages, as well as register transl
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})
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```
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Step 3: Check everything is working correctly
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Go to the Settings page — you should see language switching buttons. Switch languages to verify your translations are loaded correctly.
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Go to `Settings` page, you should see change language buttons just under change theme buttons. And then switch language, you should see language had changed
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### Using the CLI for full translation workflows
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When translating your app to other languages at scale — especially when working with external translation systems — the Backstage CLI provides `translations export` and `translations import` commands that automate the extraction and wiring of translation messages across all your plugin dependencies.
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#### Exporting default messages
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From your app package directory (e.g. `packages/app`), run:
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```bash
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yarn backstage-cli translations export
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```
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This scans all frontend plugin dependencies (including transitive ones) for `TranslationRef` definitions and writes their default English messages as JSON files:
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```text
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translations/
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manifest.json
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messages/
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catalog.en.json
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org.en.json
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scaffolder.en.json
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...
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```
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Each `.en.json` file contains the flattened message keys and their default values:
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```json
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{
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"indexPage.title": "All your components",
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"indexPage.createButtonTitle": "Create new component",
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"entityPage.notFound": "Entity not found"
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}
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```
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#### Creating translations
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Copy the exported files and translate them for your target languages:
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```bash
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cp translations/messages/catalog.en.json translations/messages/catalog.zh.json
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```
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Then edit `catalog.zh.json` with the translated strings. You only need to include the keys you want to translate — missing keys fall back to the English defaults at runtime.
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#### Generating wiring code
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Once you have translated files in place, run:
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```bash
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yarn backstage-cli translations import
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```
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This generates a TypeScript module at `src/translations/resources.ts` that wires everything together:
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```ts
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// This file is auto-generated by backstage-cli translations import
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// Do not edit manually.
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import { createTranslationResource } from '@backstage/frontend-plugin-api';
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import { catalogTranslationRef } from '@backstage/plugin-catalog/alpha';
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export default [
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createTranslationResource({
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ref: catalogTranslationRef,
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translations: {
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zh: () => import('../../translations/messages/catalog.zh.json'),
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},
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}),
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];
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```
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Import the generated resources in your app:
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```ts
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import translationResources from './translations/resources';
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const app = createApp({
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__experimentalTranslations: {
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availableLanguages: ['en', 'zh'],
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resources: translationResources,
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},
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});
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```
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#### Custom file patterns
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By default, message files use the pattern `messages/{id}.{lang}.json` (e.g. `messages/catalog.en.json`). You can change this with the `--pattern` option:
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```bash
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yarn backstage-cli translations export --pattern '{lang}/{id}.json'
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```
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This produces a directory structure grouped by language instead:
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```text
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translations/en/catalog.json
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translations/zh/catalog.json
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```
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The pattern is stored in the manifest, so the `import` command automatically uses the same layout.
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#### Integration with external translation systems
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The exported JSON files are standard key-value pairs compatible with most external translation systems. A typical workflow looks like:
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1. Run `translations export` to generate the source English files
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2. Upload the `.en.json` files to your translation system
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3. Download the translated files back into the translations directory
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4. Run `translations import` to regenerate the wiring code
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For full command reference, see the [CLI commands documentation](../tooling/cli/03-commands.md#translations-export).
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