diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/.gitignore b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf4bab9ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+!node_modules
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/a-default.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/a-default.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67606e3f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/a-default.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'a'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/a-named.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/a-named.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0710f9dbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/a-named.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exports.value = 'a'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/b-default.mjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/b-default.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3bb49043e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/b-default.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'b'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/b-named.mjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/b-named.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18049c8488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/b-named.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const value = 'b'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/c-default.cjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/c-default.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7212f4d5a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/c-default.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'c'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/c-named.cjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/c-named.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1dcb4b923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/c-named.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exports.value = 'c'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/main.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d59f7789bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+exports.namedA = require('./a-named').value;
+// exports.namedB = require('./b-named.mjs').value;
+exports.namedC = require('./c-named.cjs').value;
+exports.defaultA = require('./a-default');
+// exports.defaultB = require('./b-default.mjs').default;
+exports.defaultC = require('./c-default.cjs');
+exports.dyn = {
+  namedA: import('./a-named').then(m => m.value),
+  namedB: import('./b-named.mjs').then(m => m.value),
+  namedC: import('./c-named.cjs').then(m => m.value),
+  defaultA: import('./a-default').then(m => m.default),
+  defaultB: import('./b-default.mjs').then(m => m.default),
+  defaultC: import('./c-default.cjs').then(m => m.default),
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/package.json b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..348dc7e258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-commonjs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "dep-commonjs",
+  "type": "commonjs",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./main.js"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/a-default.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/a-default.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67606e3f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/a-default.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'a'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/a-named.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/a-named.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0710f9dbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/a-named.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exports.value = 'a'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/b-default.mjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/b-default.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3bb49043e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/b-default.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'b'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/b-named.mjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/b-named.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18049c8488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/b-named.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const value = 'b'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/c-default.cjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/c-default.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7212f4d5a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/c-default.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'c'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/c-named.cjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/c-named.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1dcb4b923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/c-named.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exports.value = 'c'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/main.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d59f7789bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+exports.namedA = require('./a-named').value;
+// exports.namedB = require('./b-named.mjs').value;
+exports.namedC = require('./c-named.cjs').value;
+exports.defaultA = require('./a-default');
+// exports.defaultB = require('./b-default.mjs').default;
+exports.defaultC = require('./c-default.cjs');
+exports.dyn = {
+  namedA: import('./a-named').then(m => m.value),
+  namedB: import('./b-named.mjs').then(m => m.value),
+  namedC: import('./c-named.cjs').then(m => m.value),
+  defaultA: import('./a-default').then(m => m.default),
+  defaultB: import('./b-default.mjs').then(m => m.default),
+  defaultC: import('./c-default.cjs').then(m => m.default),
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/package.json b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1543cf8010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-default/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "name": "dep-default",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./main.js"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/a-default.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/a-default.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90bd54cd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/a-default.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'a'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/a-named.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/a-named.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7fea2538a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/a-named.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const value = 'a'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/b-default.mjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/b-default.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3bb49043e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/b-default.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'b'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/b-named.mjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/b-named.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18049c8488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/b-named.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const value = 'b'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/c-default.cjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/c-default.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7212f4d5a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/c-default.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'c'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/c-named.cjs b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/c-named.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1dcb4b923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/c-named.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exports.value = 'c'
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/main.js b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b42a09d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+export { value as namedA } from './a-named'
+export { value as namedB } from './b-named.mjs'
+export { value as namedC } from './c-named.cjs'
+export { default as defaultA } from './a-default'
+export { default as defaultB } from './b-default.mjs'
+export { default as defaultC } from './c-default.cjs'
+export const dyn = {
+  namedA: import('./a-named').then(m => m.value),
+  namedB: import('./b-named.mjs').then(m => m.value),
+  namedC: import('./c-named.cjs').then(m => m.value),
+  defaultA: import('./a-default').then(m => m.default),
+  defaultB: import('./b-default.mjs').then(m => m.default),
+  defaultC: import('./c-default.cjs').then(m => m.default),
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/package.json b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b28b4b6562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/node_modules/dep-module/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "dep-module",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./main.js"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/a-default.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/a-default.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3d64880a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/a-default.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'a';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/a-named.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/a-named.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..132570f2bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/a-named.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'a';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/b-default.mts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/b-default.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57d07f2c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/b-default.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'b';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/b-named.mts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/b-named.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be9bb39348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/b-named.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'b';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/c-default.cts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/c-default.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48f5b4f136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/c-default.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'c';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/c-named.cts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/c-named.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3e5b58572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/c-named.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'c';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/main.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cb18038b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// @ts-nocheck
+
+import * as depCommonJs from 'dep-commonjs';
+// import * as depModule from 'dep-module';
+import * as depDefault from 'dep-default';
+import { value as namedA } from './a-named';
+// import { value as namedB } from './b-named';
+import { value as namedC } from './c-named';
+import { default as defaultA } from './a-default';
+// import { default as defaultB } from './b-default';
+import { default as defaultC } from './c-default';
+
+async function resolveAll(obj) {
+  const val = await obj;
+  if (typeof val !== 'object' || val === null) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return await Promise.all(val.map(resolveAll));
+  }
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    await Promise.all(
+      Object.entries(obj).map(async ([key, value]) => [
+        key,
+        await resolveAll(await value),
+      ]),
+    ),
+  );
+}
+
+resolveAll({
+  depCommonJs,
+  // depModule,
+  depDefault,
+  dynCommonJs: import('dep-commonjs'),
+  dynModule: import('dep-module'),
+  dynDefault: import('dep-default'),
+  dep: {
+    namedA,
+    // namedB,
+    namedC,
+    defaultA,
+    // defaultB,
+    defaultC,
+  },
+  dyn: {
+    namedA: import('./a-named').then(m => m.default.value),
+    namedB: import('./b-named').then(m => m.value),
+    namedC: import('./c-named').then(m => m.default.value),
+    defaultA: import('./a-default').then(m => m.default.default),
+    defaultB: import('./b-default').then(m => m.default),
+    defaultC: import('./c-default').then(m => m.default.default),
+  },
+}).then(obj => console.log(JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2)));
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/package.json b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c622a8ba4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-commonjs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "pkg-commonjs",
+  "type": "commonjs",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./main.ts"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/a-default.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/a-default.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3d64880a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/a-default.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'a';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/a-named.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/a-named.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..132570f2bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/a-named.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'a';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/b-default.mts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/b-default.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57d07f2c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/b-default.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'b';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/b-named.mts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/b-named.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be9bb39348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/b-named.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'b';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/c-default.cts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/c-default.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48f5b4f136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/c-default.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'c';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/c-named.cts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/c-named.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3e5b58572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/c-named.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'c';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/main.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cb18038b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// @ts-nocheck
+
+import * as depCommonJs from 'dep-commonjs';
+// import * as depModule from 'dep-module';
+import * as depDefault from 'dep-default';
+import { value as namedA } from './a-named';
+// import { value as namedB } from './b-named';
+import { value as namedC } from './c-named';
+import { default as defaultA } from './a-default';
+// import { default as defaultB } from './b-default';
+import { default as defaultC } from './c-default';
+
+async function resolveAll(obj) {
+  const val = await obj;
+  if (typeof val !== 'object' || val === null) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return await Promise.all(val.map(resolveAll));
+  }
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    await Promise.all(
+      Object.entries(obj).map(async ([key, value]) => [
+        key,
+        await resolveAll(await value),
+      ]),
+    ),
+  );
+}
+
+resolveAll({
+  depCommonJs,
+  // depModule,
+  depDefault,
+  dynCommonJs: import('dep-commonjs'),
+  dynModule: import('dep-module'),
+  dynDefault: import('dep-default'),
+  dep: {
+    namedA,
+    // namedB,
+    namedC,
+    defaultA,
+    // defaultB,
+    defaultC,
+  },
+  dyn: {
+    namedA: import('./a-named').then(m => m.default.value),
+    namedB: import('./b-named').then(m => m.value),
+    namedC: import('./c-named').then(m => m.default.value),
+    defaultA: import('./a-default').then(m => m.default.default),
+    defaultB: import('./b-default').then(m => m.default),
+    defaultC: import('./c-default').then(m => m.default.default),
+  },
+}).then(obj => console.log(JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2)));
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/package.json b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9881bbf3a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-default/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "name": "pkg-default"
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/a-default.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/a-default.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3d64880a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/a-default.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'a';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/a-named.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/a-named.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..132570f2bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/a-named.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'a';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/b-default.mts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/b-default.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57d07f2c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/b-default.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'b';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/b-named.mts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/b-named.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be9bb39348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/b-named.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'b';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/c-default.cts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/c-default.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48f5b4f136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/c-default.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export default 'c';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/c-named.cts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/c-named.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3e5b58572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/c-named.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+export const value = 'c';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/main.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4db74f0b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// @ts-nocheck
+
+import * as depCommonJs from 'dep-commonjs';
+import * as depModule from 'dep-module';
+import * as depDefault from 'dep-default';
+import { value as namedA } from './a-named';
+import { value as namedB } from './b-named';
+import cNamed from './c-named';
+import defaultA from './a-default';
+import defaultB from './b-default';
+import cDefault from './c-default';
+
+const { default: defaultC } = cDefault;
+const { value: namedC } = cNamed;
+
+async function resolveAll(obj) {
+  const val = await obj;
+  if (typeof val !== 'object' || val === null) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return await Promise.all(val.map(resolveAll));
+  }
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    await Promise.all(
+      Object.entries(obj).map(async ([key, value]) => [
+        key,
+        await resolveAll(await value),
+      ]),
+    ),
+  );
+}
+
+resolveAll({
+  depCommonJs,
+  depModule,
+  depDefault,
+  dynCommonJs: import('dep-commonjs'),
+  dynModule: import('dep-module'),
+  dynDefault: import('dep-default'),
+  dep: {
+    namedA,
+    namedB,
+    namedC,
+    defaultA,
+    defaultB,
+    defaultC,
+  },
+  dyn: {
+    namedA: import('./a-named').then(m => m.value),
+    namedB: import('./b-named').then(m => m.value),
+    namedC: import('./c-named').then(m => m.default.value),
+    defaultA: import('./a-default').then(m => m.default),
+    defaultB: import('./b-default').then(m => m.default),
+    defaultC: import('./c-default').then(m => m.default.default),
+  },
+}).then(obj => console.log(JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2)));
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/package.json b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a04ea067a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/__fixtures__/pkg-module/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "pkg-module",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./main.ts"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/transforms.test.ts b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/transforms.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9180e69d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/tests/transforms/transforms.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Backstage Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { execFileSync } from 'child_process';
+import { resolve as resolvePath } from 'path';
+
+const exportValues = {
+  all: {
+    namedA: 'a',
+    namedB: 'b',
+    namedC: 'c',
+    defaultA: 'a',
+    defaultB: 'b',
+    defaultC: 'c',
+  },
+  commonJs: {
+    namedA: 'a',
+    namedC: 'c',
+    defaultA: 'a',
+    defaultC: 'c',
+  },
+};
+
+const expectedExports = {
+  commonJs: {
+    ...exportValues.commonJs,
+    dyn: exportValues.all,
+    default: {
+      ...exportValues.commonJs,
+      dyn: exportValues.all,
+    },
+  },
+  module: {
+    ...exportValues.all,
+    dyn: exportValues.all,
+  },
+};
+
+function loadFixture(fixture: string) {
+  return JSON.parse(
+    execFileSync(
+      'node',
+      [
+        '--import',
+        '@backstage/cli/config/nodeTransform.cjs',
+        resolvePath(__dirname, `__fixtures__/${fixture}`),
+      ],
+      { encoding: 'utf8' },
+    ),
+  );
+}
+
+describe('node runtime module transforms', () => {
+  it('should load from commonjs format', async () => {
+    expect(loadFixture('pkg-commonjs/main.ts')).toEqual({
+      depCommonJs: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      depDefault: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynCommonJs: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynDefault: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynModule: expectedExports.module,
+      dep: exportValues.commonJs,
+      dyn: exportValues.all,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should load from default format', async () => {
+    expect(loadFixture('pkg-default/main.ts')).toEqual({
+      depCommonJs: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      depDefault: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynCommonJs: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynDefault: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynModule: expectedExports.module,
+      dep: exportValues.commonJs,
+      dyn: exportValues.all,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should load from module format', async () => {
+    expect(loadFixture('pkg-module/main.ts')).toEqual({
+      depCommonJs: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      depDefault: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      depModule: expectedExports.module,
+      dynCommonJs: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynDefault: expectedExports.commonJs,
+      dynModule: expectedExports.module,
+      dep: exportValues.all,
+      dyn: exportValues.all,
+    });
+  });
+});