diff --git a/.changeset/fluffy-falcons-shout.md b/.changeset/fluffy-falcons-shout.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7cdce8229c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fluffy-falcons-shout.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+'@backstage/plugin-auth-backend': patch
+'@backstage/plugin-auth-node': patch
+---
+
+Improved error forwarding for OAuth refresh endpoints
diff --git a/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.test.ts b/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.test.ts
index 4d94634473..d9e80263ee 100644
--- a/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.test.ts
+++ b/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.test.ts
@@ -272,28 +272,63 @@ describe('PassportStrategyHelper', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('should reject with an error if refresh failed', async () => {
-      class MyCustomOAuth2Error {
-        getOAuthAccessToken(
-          _refreshToken: string,
-          _options: any,
-          callback: Function,
-        ) {
-          callback(new Error('Unknown error'));
-        }
-      }
+    it('should forward simple errors', async () => {
       class MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess extends passport.Strategy {
-        _oauth2 = new MyCustomOAuth2Error();
+        _oauth2 = new (class {
+          getOAuthAccessToken(_r: string, _o: any, cb: Function) {
+            cb(new Error('Unknown error'));
+          }
+        })();
       }
 
-      const mockStrategy = new MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess();
-      const refreshTokenPromise = executeRefreshTokenStrategy(
-        mockStrategy,
-        'REFRESH_TOKEN',
-        'a',
+      await expect(
+        executeRefreshTokenStrategy(
+          new MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess(),
+          'REFRESH_TOKEN',
+          'a',
+        ),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Failed to refresh access token; caused by Error: Unknown error',
       );
-      await expect(refreshTokenPromise).rejects.toThrow(
-        'Failed to refresh access token Error: Unknown error',
+    });
+
+    it('should forward string errors', async () => {
+      class MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess extends passport.Strategy {
+        _oauth2 = new (class {
+          getOAuthAccessToken(_r: string, _o: any, cb: Function) {
+            cb('some silly string error');
+          }
+        })();
+      }
+
+      await expect(
+        executeRefreshTokenStrategy(
+          new MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess(),
+          'REFRESH_TOKEN',
+          'a',
+        ),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(
+        "Failed to refresh access token; caused by unknown error 'some silly string error'",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should forward object errors', async () => {
+      class MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess extends passport.Strategy {
+        _oauth2 = new (class {
+          getOAuthAccessToken(_r: string, _o: any, cb: Function) {
+            cb({ name: 'SomeError', message: 'some message' });
+          }
+        })();
+      }
+
+      await expect(
+        executeRefreshTokenStrategy(
+          new MyCustomRefreshTokenSuccess(),
+          'REFRESH_TOKEN',
+          'a',
+        ),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Failed to refresh access token; caused by SomeError: some message',
       );
     });
 
diff --git a/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.ts b/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.ts
index 88d3dbfa04..ef9284c1fb 100644
--- a/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.ts
+++ b/plugins/auth-backend/src/lib/passport/PassportStrategyHelper.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { InternalOAuthError } from 'passport-oauth2';
 import { ProfileInfo } from '@backstage/plugin-auth-node';
 import { PassportProfile } from './types';
 import { OAuthStartResponse } from '../../providers/types';
+import { ForwardedError } from '@backstage/errors';
 
 export type PassportDoneCallback<Res, Private = never> = (
   err?: Error,
@@ -66,7 +67,10 @@ export const makeProfileInfo = (
         displayName = decoded.name;
       }
     } catch (e) {
-      throw new Error(`Failed to parse id token and get profile info, ${e}`);
+      throw new ForwardedError(
+        `Failed to parse id token and get profile info`,
+        e,
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ export const executeRefreshTokenStrategy = async (
         params: any,
       ) => {
         if (err) {
-          reject(new Error(`Failed to refresh access token ${err.toString()}`));
+          reject(new ForwardedError(`Failed to refresh access token`, err));
         }
         if (!accessToken) {
           reject(
diff --git a/plugins/auth-node/src/passport/PassportHelpers.ts b/plugins/auth-node/src/passport/PassportHelpers.ts
index d1ddee20a7..9c9198fbf1 100644
--- a/plugins/auth-node/src/passport/PassportHelpers.ts
+++ b/plugins/auth-node/src/passport/PassportHelpers.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { decodeJwt } from 'jose';
 import { Strategy } from 'passport';
 import { PassportProfile } from './types';
 import { ProfileInfo } from '../types';
+import { ForwardedError } from '@backstage/errors';
 
 // Re-declared here to avoid direct dependency on passport-oauth2
 /** @internal */
@@ -76,7 +77,10 @@ export class PassportHelpers {
           displayName = decoded.name;
         }
       } catch (e) {
-        throw new Error(`Failed to parse id token and get profile info, ${e}`);
+        throw new ForwardedError(
+          `Failed to parse id token and get profile info`,
+          e,
+        );
       }
     }
 
@@ -191,9 +195,7 @@ export class PassportHelpers {
           params: any,
         ) => {
           if (err) {
-            reject(
-              new Error(`Failed to refresh access token ${err.toString()}`),
-            );
+            reject(new ForwardedError(`Failed to refresh access token`, err));
           }
           if (!accessToken) {
             reject(