diff --git a/.changeset/curvy-bears-nail.md b/.changeset/curvy-bears-nail.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0bdd51401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/curvy-bears-nail.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@backstage/theme': patch
+---
+
+Internal refactor to avoid top-level imports from MUI.
diff --git a/packages/app/.eslintrc.js b/packages/app/.eslintrc.js
index e2a53a6ad2..e487f765b2 100644
--- a/packages/app/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/packages/app/.eslintrc.js
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
-module.exports = require('@backstage/cli/config/eslint-factory')(__dirname);
+module.exports = require('@backstage/cli/config/eslint-factory')(__dirname, {
+  rules: {
+    '@backstage/no-top-level-material-ui-4-imports': 'error',
+  },
+});
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx
index c7b1c846c4..da6911bb17 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import React from 'react';
-import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 
 const useStyles = makeStyles({
   svg: {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.jsx b/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.jsx
index 5ec778cca2..966b491674 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.jsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.jsx
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 // NOTE: This file is intentionally .jsx, so that there is one file in this repo where we make sure .jsx files work.
 
 import React from 'react';
-import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 
 const useStyles = makeStyles({
   svg: {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx
index af053f623c..b74c6459d8 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import React, { PropsWithChildren } from 'react';
-import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 import HomeIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Home';
 import RuleIcon from '@material-ui/icons/AssignmentTurnedIn';
 import MapIcon from '@material-ui/icons/MyLocation';
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/advancedSettings/AdvancedSettings.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/advancedSettings/AdvancedSettings.tsx
index 574f7ec754..3383198a1f 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/advancedSettings/AdvancedSettings.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/advancedSettings/AdvancedSettings.tsx
@@ -16,14 +16,12 @@
 
 import React from 'react';
 import { InfoCard } from '@backstage/core-components';
-import {
-  List,
-  Grid,
-  ListItem,
-  ListItemText,
-  ListItemSecondaryAction,
-  Switch,
-} from '@material-ui/core';
+import List from '@material-ui/core/List';
+import Grid from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
+import ListItem from '@material-ui/core/ListItem';
+import ListItemText from '@material-ui/core/ListItemText';
+import ListItemSecondaryAction from '@material-ui/core/ListItemSecondaryAction';
+import Switch from '@material-ui/core/Switch';
 import useLocalStorage from 'react-use/esm/useLocalStorage';
 
 export function AdvancedSettings() {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/catalog/EntityPage.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/catalog/EntityPage.tsx
index 586c793a4f..fe5a7e0ace 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/catalog/EntityPage.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/catalog/EntityPage.tsx
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ import {
   EntityOwnershipCard,
   EntityUserProfileCard,
 } from '@backstage/plugin-org';
-import { Button, Grid } from '@material-ui/core';
+import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
+import Grid from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
 import React, { ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { TechDocsAddons } from '@backstage/plugin-techdocs-react';
 import {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/home/templates/DefaultTemplate.stories.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/home/templates/DefaultTemplate.stories.tsx
index cb3d684389..f16f98f9af 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/home/templates/DefaultTemplate.stories.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/home/templates/DefaultTemplate.stories.tsx
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ import {
   searchApiRef,
   SearchContextProvider,
 } from '@backstage/plugin-search-react';
-import { Grid, makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import Grid from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 import React, { ComponentType, PropsWithChildren } from 'react';
 
 const entities = [
@@ -126,8 +127,8 @@ const useStyles = makeStyles(theme => ({
     boxShadow: theme.shadows[1],
   },
   searchBarOutline: {
-    borderStyle: 'none'
-  }
+    borderStyle: 'none',
+  },
 }));
 
 const useLogoStyles = makeStyles(theme => ({
@@ -156,9 +157,14 @@ export const DefaultTemplate = () => {
               className={container}
               logo={<TemplateBackstageLogo classes={{ svg, path }} />}
             />
-            <Grid container item xs={12} justifyContent='center'>
+            <Grid container item xs={12} justifyContent="center">
               <HomePageSearchBar
-                InputProps={{ classes: { root: classes.searchBarInput, notchedOutline: classes.searchBarOutline }}}
+                InputProps={{
+                  classes: {
+                    root: classes.searchBarInput,
+                    notchedOutline: classes.searchBarOutline,
+                  },
+                }}
                 placeholder="Search"
               />
             </Grid>
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderExtensions.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderExtensions.tsx
index e236e01d79..953420c3e6 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderExtensions.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderExtensions.tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import type { FieldValidation } from '@rjsf/utils';
 import { scaffolderPlugin } from '@backstage/plugin-scaffolder';
-import { TextField } from '@material-ui/core';
+import TextField from '@material-ui/core/TextField';
 import {
   createScaffolderFieldExtension,
   FieldExtensionComponentProps,
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderLayouts.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderLayouts.tsx
index b23d6e4073..d05635314f 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderLayouts.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/scaffolder/customScaffolderLayouts.tsx
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import {
   LayoutTemplate,
   scaffolderPlugin,
 } from '@backstage/plugin-scaffolder';
-import { Grid } from '@material-ui/core';
+import Grid from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
 
 const TwoColumn: LayoutTemplate = ({ properties, description, title }) => {
   const mid = Math.ceil(properties.length / 2);
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchModal.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchModal.tsx
index 34caeeae63..0f80d0fc68 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchModal.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchModal.tsx
@@ -29,14 +29,12 @@ import {
 } from '@backstage/plugin-search-react';
 import { TechDocsSearchResultListItem } from '@backstage/plugin-techdocs';
 import { CatalogSearchResultListItem } from '@backstage/plugin-catalog';
-import {
-  Box,
-  DialogActions,
-  DialogContent,
-  DialogTitle,
-  Grid,
-  makeStyles,
-} from '@material-ui/core';
+import Box from '@material-ui/core/Box';
+import DialogActions from '@material-ui/core/DialogActions';
+import DialogContent from '@material-ui/core/DialogContent';
+import DialogTitle from '@material-ui/core/DialogTitle';
+import Grid from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
 import IconButton from '@material-ui/core/IconButton';
 import ArrowForwardIcon from '@material-ui/icons/ArrowForward';
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchPage.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchPage.tsx
index 6914fa71cb..be1c49be1b 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchPage.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/search/SearchPage.tsx
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import {
 import { useApi } from '@backstage/core-plugin-api';
 import { CatalogSearchResultListItem } from '@backstage/plugin-catalog';
 import {
-  catalogApiRef,
   CATALOG_FILTER_EXISTS,
+  catalogApiRef,
 } from '@backstage/plugin-catalog-react';
 import { SearchType } from '@backstage/plugin-search';
 import {
@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ import {
   useSearch,
 } from '@backstage/plugin-search-react';
 import { TechDocsSearchResultListItem } from '@backstage/plugin-techdocs';
-import { Grid, makeStyles, Paper, Theme } from '@material-ui/core';
+import Paper from '@material-ui/core/Paper';
+import Grid from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
+import { Theme } from '@material-ui/core/styles/createTheme';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 import React from 'react';
 
 const useStyles = makeStyles((theme: Theme) => ({
diff --git a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/.eslintrc.js b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/.eslintrc.js
index e2a53a6ad2..e487f765b2 100644
--- a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/.eslintrc.js
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
-module.exports = require('@backstage/cli/config/eslint-factory')(__dirname);
+module.exports = require('@backstage/cli/config/eslint-factory')(__dirname, {
+  rules: {
+    '@backstage/no-top-level-material-ui-4-imports': 'error',
+  },
+});
diff --git a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx
index c7b1c846c4..da6911bb17 100644
--- a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx
+++ b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoFull.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import React from 'react';
-import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 
 const useStyles = makeStyles({
   svg: {
diff --git a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.tsx b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.tsx
index 073cf6edad..ff4b5132b0 100644
--- a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.tsx
+++ b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/LogoIcon.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import React from 'react';
-import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 
 const useStyles = makeStyles({
   svg: {
diff --git a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx
index 81e3d12d9d..b2fac4081f 100644
--- a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx
+++ b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/Root/Root.tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 import React, { PropsWithChildren } from 'react';
 
-import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 import LibraryBooks from '@material-ui/icons/LibraryBooks';
 import LogoFull from './LogoFull';
 import LogoIcon from './LogoIcon';
diff --git a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/TechDocsPage/TechDocsPage.tsx b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/TechDocsPage/TechDocsPage.tsx
index cc20081198..5dc635e023 100644
--- a/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/TechDocsPage/TechDocsPage.tsx
+++ b/packages/techdocs-cli-embedded-app/src/components/TechDocsPage/TechDocsPage.tsx
@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 import React, { useState } from 'react';
 
-import { Theme, makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
+import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
+import { Theme } from '@material-ui/core/styles/createTheme';
 
-import { Box, Tooltip, IconButton } from '@material-ui/core';
+import Box from '@material-ui/core/Box';
+import Tooltip from '@material-ui/core/Tooltip';
+import IconButton from '@material-ui/core/IconButton';
 import LightIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Brightness7';
 import DarkIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Brightness4';
 
diff --git a/packages/theme/.eslintrc.js b/packages/theme/.eslintrc.js
index e2a53a6ad2..e487f765b2 100644
--- a/packages/theme/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/packages/theme/.eslintrc.js
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
-module.exports = require('@backstage/cli/config/eslint-factory')(__dirname);
+module.exports = require('@backstage/cli/config/eslint-factory')(__dirname, {
+  rules: {
+    '@backstage/no-top-level-material-ui-4-imports': 'error',
+  },
+});
diff --git a/packages/theme/report.api.md b/packages/theme/report.api.md
index 4462bb4de7..ebdae12a05 100644
--- a/packages/theme/report.api.md
+++ b/packages/theme/report.api.md
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ import { ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { Theme } from '@mui/material/styles';
 import { Theme as Theme_2 } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
 import { Theme as Theme_3 } from '@material-ui/core';
+import type { Theme as Theme_4 } from '@material-ui/core/styles/createTheme';
 import { ThemeOptions } from '@mui/material/styles';
 import { ThemeOptions as ThemeOptions_2 } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
-import type { ThemeOptions as ThemeOptions_3 } from '@material-ui/core';
+import type { ThemeOptions as ThemeOptions_3 } from '@material-ui/core/styles/createTheme';
 import { UnifiedTheme as UnifiedTheme_2 } from '@backstage/theme';
 
 // @public @deprecated
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ export type BackstagePaletteOptions = PaletteOptions &
   BackstagePaletteAdditions;
 
 // @public @deprecated
-export interface BackstageTheme extends Theme_3 {
+export interface BackstageTheme extends Theme_4 {
   // (undocumented)
   getPageTheme: (selector: PageThemeSelector) => PageTheme;
   // (undocumented)
@@ -188,13 +189,13 @@ export function createBaseThemeOptions<PaletteOptions>(
 };
 
 // @public @deprecated
-export function createTheme(options: SimpleThemeOptions): Theme_3;
+export function createTheme(options: SimpleThemeOptions): Theme_4;
 
 // @public @deprecated
 export function createThemeOptions(options: SimpleThemeOptions): ThemeOptions_3;
 
 // @public @deprecated
-export function createThemeOverrides(theme: Theme_3): Overrides;
+export function createThemeOverrides(theme: Theme_4): Overrides;
 
 // @public
 export function createUnifiedTheme(options: UnifiedThemeOptions): UnifiedTheme;
diff --git a/packages/theme/src/unified/UnifiedThemeProvider.tsx b/packages/theme/src/unified/UnifiedThemeProvider.tsx
index 465a4dda24..e44e5502f3 100644
--- a/packages/theme/src/unified/UnifiedThemeProvider.tsx
+++ b/packages/theme/src/unified/UnifiedThemeProvider.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import React, { ReactNode } from 'react';
-import { CssBaseline } from '@material-ui/core';
+import CssBaseline from '@material-ui/core/CssBaseline';
 import {
   ThemeProvider,
   StylesProvider,
diff --git a/packages/theme/src/v4/baseTheme.ts b/packages/theme/src/v4/baseTheme.ts
index ef63e2a5fa..9f994c6b94 100644
--- a/packages/theme/src/v4/baseTheme.ts
+++ b/packages/theme/src/v4/baseTheme.ts
@@ -16,12 +16,10 @@
 
 import { Theme as Mui5Theme } from '@mui/material/styles';
 import { createTheme as createMuiTheme } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
-import type {
-  GridProps,
-  SwitchProps,
-  Theme,
-  ThemeOptions,
-} from '@material-ui/core';
+import type { Theme, ThemeOptions } from '@material-ui/core/styles/createTheme';
+import type { GridProps } from '@material-ui/core/Grid';
+import type { SwitchProps } from '@material-ui/core/Switch';
+
 import { Overrides } from '@material-ui/core/styles/overrides';
 import { SimpleThemeOptions } from './types';
 import { createBaseThemeOptions } from '../base';
diff --git a/packages/theme/src/v4/types.ts b/packages/theme/src/v4/types.ts
index c5100dab8f..16b18e14bc 100644
--- a/packages/theme/src/v4/types.ts
+++ b/packages/theme/src/v4/types.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 import type {
   Theme as MuiTheme,
   ThemeOptions as MuiThemeOptions,
-} from '@material-ui/core';
+} from '@material-ui/core/styles/createTheme';
 import type {
   PaletteOptions as MuiPaletteOptions,
   Palette as MuiPalette,