From 8850a35f9ea69ad065fc11f567bcdfd0e7ccbb93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sanchit2662 <sanchit2662@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 23:31:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] fix(backend): clean up process event listeners on backend
 stop

Signed-off-by: Sanchit2662 <sanchit2662@gmail.com>
---
 .../src/wiring/BackendInitializer.ts          | 22 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/backend-app-api/src/wiring/BackendInitializer.ts b/packages/backend-app-api/src/wiring/BackendInitializer.ts
index c86fb0b29c..2d32306385 100644
--- a/packages/backend-app-api/src/wiring/BackendInitializer.ts
+++ b/packages/backend-app-api/src/wiring/BackendInitializer.ts
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ export class BackendInitializer {
   #serviceRegistry: ServiceRegistry;
   #registeredFeatures = new Array<Promise<BackendFeature>>();
   #registeredFeatureLoaders = new Array<InternalBackendFeatureLoader>();
+  #unhandledRejectionHandler?: (reason: Error) => void;
+  #uncaughtExceptionHandler?: (error: Error) => void;
 
   constructor(defaultApiFactories: ServiceFactory[]) {
     this.#serviceRegistry = ServiceRegistry.create([...defaultApiFactories]);
@@ -265,16 +267,18 @@ export class BackendInitializer {
         coreServices.rootLogger,
         'root',
       );
-      process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason: Error) => {
+      this.#unhandledRejectionHandler = (reason: Error) => {
         rootLogger
           ?.child({ type: 'unhandledRejection' })
           ?.error('Unhandled rejection', reason);
-      });
-      process.on('uncaughtException', error => {
+      };
+      this.#uncaughtExceptionHandler = (error: Error) => {
         rootLogger
           ?.child({ type: 'uncaughtException' })
           ?.error('Uncaught exception', error);
-      });
+      };
+      process.on('unhandledRejection', this.#unhandledRejectionHandler);
+      process.on('uncaughtException', this.#uncaughtExceptionHandler);
     }
 
     // Initialize all root scoped services
@@ -490,6 +494,16 @@ export class BackendInitializer {
 
     // Once all plugin shutdown hooks are done, run root shutdown hooks.
     await rootLifecycleService.shutdown();
+
+    // Clean up process event listeners to prevent memory leaks and duplicate logging
+    if (this.#unhandledRejectionHandler) {
+      process.off('unhandledRejection', this.#unhandledRejectionHandler);
+      this.#unhandledRejectionHandler = undefined;
+    }
+    if (this.#uncaughtExceptionHandler) {
+      process.off('uncaughtException', this.#uncaughtExceptionHandler);
+      this.#uncaughtExceptionHandler = undefined;
+    }
   }
 
   // Bit of a hacky way to grab the lifecycle services, potentially find a nicer way to do this

From 04db26b94f53d06e5299c26e38b5ccb22f2a93b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sanchit2662 <sanchit2662@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 22:10:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] chore: add changeset for backend listener cleanup

Signed-off-by: Sanchit2662 <sanchit2662@gmail.com>
---
 .changeset/dull-hounds-return.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/dull-hounds-return.md

diff --git a/.changeset/dull-hounds-return.md b/.changeset/dull-hounds-return.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9123920984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/dull-hounds-return.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@backstage/backend-app-api': patch
+---
+
+Clean up process event listeners on backend stop to prevent leaks