diff --git a/.changeset/cruel-plums-talk.md b/.changeset/cruel-plums-talk.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc7a30b048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/cruel-plums-talk.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+'@backstage/ui': minor
+---
+
+**BREAKING**: Migrated Checkbox component from Base UI to React Aria Components.
+
+API changes required:
+
+- `checked` → `isSelected`
+- `defaultChecked` → `defaultSelected`
+- `disabled` → `isDisabled`
+- `required` → `isRequired`
+- `label` prop removed - use `children` instead
+- CSS: `bui-CheckboxLabel` class removed
+- Data attribute: `data-checked` → `data-selected`
+- Use without label is no longer supported
+
+Migration examples:
+
+Before:
+
+```tsx
+<Checkbox label="Accept terms" checked={agreed} onChange={setAgreed} />
+```
+
+After:
+
+```tsx
+<Checkbox isSelected={agreed} onChange={setAgreed}>
+  Accept terms
+</Checkbox>
+```
+
+Before:
+
+```tsx
+<Checkbox label="Option" disabled />
+```
+
+After:
+
+```tsx
+<Checkbox isDisabled>Option</Checkbox>
+```
+
+Before:
+
+```tsx
+<Checkbox />
+```
+
+After:
+
+```tsx
+<Checkbox>
+  <VisuallyHidden>Accessible label</VisuallyHidden>
+</Checkbox>
+```
diff --git a/.changeset/upset-teeth-add.md b/.changeset/upset-teeth-add.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..834ce7be2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/upset-teeth-add.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@backstage/plugin-mui-to-bui': patch
+---
+
+Updated BUI checkbox preview example to align with new component API.
diff --git a/docs-ui/src/content/components/checkbox.props.ts b/docs-ui/src/content/components/checkbox.props.ts
index c7ee69280e..ce0f1033ff 100644
--- a/docs-ui/src/content/components/checkbox.props.ts
+++ b/docs-ui/src/content/components/checkbox.props.ts
@@ -5,31 +5,32 @@ import {
 } from '@/utils/propDefs';
 
 export const checkboxPropDefs: Record<string, PropDef> = {
-  label: {
-    type: 'string',
-    responsive: false,
-  },
-  defaultChecked: {
+  children: {
     type: 'enum',
-    values: ['boolean', "'indeterminate'"],
+    values: ['React.ReactNode'],
     responsive: false,
   },
-  checked: {
-    type: 'enum',
-    values: ['boolean', "'indeterminate'"],
-    responsive: false,
-  },
-  onChange: {
-    type: 'enum',
-    values: ["(checked: boolean | 'indeterminate') => void"],
-    responsive: false,
-  },
-  disabled: {
+  isSelected: {
     type: 'enum',
     values: ['boolean'],
     responsive: false,
   },
-  required: {
+  defaultSelected: {
+    type: 'enum',
+    values: ['boolean'],
+    responsive: false,
+  },
+  onChange: {
+    type: 'enum',
+    values: ['(isSelected: boolean) => void'],
+    responsive: false,
+  },
+  isDisabled: {
+    type: 'enum',
+    values: ['boolean'],
+    responsive: false,
+  },
+  isRequired: {
     type: 'enum',
     values: ['boolean'],
     responsive: false,
@@ -48,13 +49,13 @@ export const checkboxPropDefs: Record<string, PropDef> = {
 
 export const checkboxUsageSnippet = `import { Checkbox } from '@backstage/ui';
 
-<Checkbox />`;
+<Checkbox>Accept terms</Checkbox>`;
 
-export const checkboxDefaultSnippet = `<Checkbox label="Accept terms and conditions" />`;
+export const checkboxDefaultSnippet = `<Checkbox>Accept terms and conditions</Checkbox>`;
 
-export const checkboxVariantsSnippet = `<Inline alignY="center">
-  <Checkbox />
-  <Checkbox checked />
-  <Checkbox label="Checkbox" />
-  <Checkbox label="Checkbox" checked />
-</Inline>`;
+export const checkboxVariantsSnippet = `<Flex direction="column" gap="2">
+  <Checkbox>Unchecked</Checkbox>
+  <Checkbox isSelected>Checked</Checkbox>
+  <Checkbox isDisabled>Disabled</Checkbox>
+  <Checkbox isSelected isDisabled>Checked & Disabled</Checkbox>
+</Flex>`;
diff --git a/packages/ui/report.api.md b/packages/ui/report.api.md
index 4e762f431c..7cdee27d0e 100644
--- a/packages/ui/report.api.md
+++ b/packages/ui/report.api.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import { Avatar as Avatar_2 } from '@base-ui-components/react/avatar';
 import { ButtonProps as ButtonProps_2 } from 'react-aria-components';
 import { CellProps as CellProps_2 } from 'react-aria-components';
+import { CheckboxProps as CheckboxProps_2 } from 'react-aria-components';
 import { Collapsible as Collapsible_2 } from '@base-ui-components/react/collapsible';
 import { ColumnProps as ColumnProps_2 } from 'react-aria-components';
 import { ComponentProps } from 'react';
@@ -270,31 +271,13 @@ export interface CellProps extends CellProps_2 {
 
 // @public (undocumented)
 export const Checkbox: ForwardRefExoticComponent<
-  CheckboxProps & RefAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>
+  CheckboxProps & RefAttributes<HTMLLabelElement>
 >;
 
 // @public (undocumented)
-export interface CheckboxProps {
+export interface CheckboxProps extends CheckboxProps_2 {
   // (undocumented)
-  checked?: boolean;
-  // (undocumented)
-  className?: string;
-  // (undocumented)
-  defaultChecked?: boolean;
-  // (undocumented)
-  disabled?: boolean;
-  // (undocumented)
-  label?: string;
-  // (undocumented)
-  name?: string;
-  // (undocumented)
-  onChange?: (checked: boolean) => void;
-  // (undocumented)
-  required?: boolean;
-  // (undocumented)
-  style?: React.CSSProperties;
-  // (undocumented)
-  value?: string;
+  children: React.ReactNode;
 }
 
 // @public
@@ -431,12 +414,11 @@ export const componentDefinitions: {
   };
   readonly Checkbox: {
     readonly classNames: {
-      readonly root: 'bui-CheckboxRoot';
-      readonly label: 'bui-CheckboxLabel';
+      readonly root: 'bui-Checkbox';
       readonly indicator: 'bui-CheckboxIndicator';
     };
     readonly dataAttributes: {
-      readonly checked: readonly [true, false];
+      readonly selected: readonly [true, false];
     };
   };
   readonly Collapsible: {
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css
index 2e08b08c1a..bc4f700bce 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css
@@ -17,35 +17,7 @@
 @layer tokens, base, components, utilities;
 
 @layer components {
-  .bui-CheckboxRoot {
-    border: none;
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: center;
-    width: 1rem;
-    height: 1rem;
-    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--bui-border);
-    cursor: pointer;
-    border-radius: 2px;
-    transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out;
-    background-color: var(--bui-bg-surface-1);
-    padding: 0;
-    flex-shrink: 0;
-  }
-
-  .bui-CheckboxRoot:focus-visible {
-    transition: none;
-    outline: 2px solid var(--bui-ring);
-    outline-offset: 2px;
-  }
-
-  .bui-CheckboxRoot[data-checked] {
-    background-color: var(--bui-bg-solid);
-    box-shadow: none;
-    color: var(--bui-fg-solid);
-  }
-
-  .bui-CheckboxLabel {
+  .bui-Checkbox {
     display: flex;
     flex-direction: row;
     align-items: center;
@@ -55,18 +27,48 @@
     font-weight: var(--bui-font-weight-regular);
     color: var(--bui-fg-primary);
     user-select: none;
+    cursor: pointer;
+  }
 
-    &:hover {
-      & .bui-CheckboxRoot:not([data-checked]) {
-        box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--bui-border-hover);
+  .bui-Checkbox[data-disabled] {
+    cursor: not-allowed;
+    opacity: 0.5;
+  }
+
+  .bui-CheckboxIndicator {
+    border: none;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    width: 1rem;
+    height: 1rem;
+    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--bui-border);
+    border-radius: 2px;
+    transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+    background-color: var(--bui-bg-surface-1);
+    padding: 0;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    color: var(--bui-fg-solid);
+
+    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+      & {
+        transition: none;
       }
     }
   }
 
-  .bui-CheckboxIndicator {
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: center;
-    color: var(--bui-fg-solid);
+  .bui-Checkbox[data-focus-visible] .bui-CheckboxIndicator {
+    transition: none;
+    outline: 2px solid var(--bui-ring);
+    outline-offset: 2px;
+  }
+
+  .bui-Checkbox[data-selected] .bui-CheckboxIndicator {
+    background-color: var(--bui-bg-solid);
+    box-shadow: none;
+  }
+
+  .bui-Checkbox[data-hovered]:not([data-selected]) .bui-CheckboxIndicator {
+    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--bui-border-hover);
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.stories.tsx b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.stories.tsx
index 080cae40b6..a41b7f2c8d 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.stories.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.stories.tsx
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import type { Meta, StoryObj } from '@storybook/react-vite';
 import { Checkbox } from './Checkbox';
 import { Flex } from '../Flex';
-import { Text } from '../Text';
 
 const meta = {
   title: 'Backstage UI/Checkbox',
@@ -29,31 +28,20 @@ type Story = StoryObj<typeof meta>;
 
 export const Default: Story = {
   args: {
-    label: 'Accept terms and conditions',
+    children: 'Accept terms and conditions',
   },
 };
 
 export const AllVariants: Story = {
+  ...Default,
   render: () => (
-    <Flex align="center">
-      <Checkbox />
-      <Checkbox checked />
-      <Checkbox label="Checkbox" />
-      <Checkbox label="Checkbox" checked />
-    </Flex>
-  ),
-};
-
-export const Playground: Story = {
-  render: () => (
-    <Flex>
-      <Text>All variants</Text>
-      <Flex align="center">
-        <Checkbox />
-        <Checkbox checked />
-        <Checkbox label="Checkbox" />
-        <Checkbox label="Checkbox" checked />
-      </Flex>
+    <Flex direction="column" gap="2">
+      <Checkbox>Unchecked</Checkbox>
+      <Checkbox isSelected>Checked</Checkbox>
+      <Checkbox isDisabled>Disabled</Checkbox>
+      <Checkbox isSelected isDisabled>
+        Checked & Disabled
+      </Checkbox>
     </Flex>
   ),
 };
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.tsx b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.tsx
index 2414f29f5f..49019370a4 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import { forwardRef } from 'react';
-import { Checkbox as CheckboxPrimitive } from '@base-ui-components/react/checkbox';
+import { Checkbox as RACheckbox } from 'react-aria-components';
 import type { CheckboxProps } from './types';
 import { useStyles } from '../../hooks/useStyles';
 import clsx from 'clsx';
@@ -23,33 +23,24 @@ import styles from './Checkbox.module.css';
 import { RiCheckLine } from '@remixicon/react';
 
 /** @public */
-export const Checkbox = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, CheckboxProps>(
+export const Checkbox = forwardRef<HTMLLabelElement, CheckboxProps>(
   (props, ref) => {
-    const { classNames, cleanedProps } = useStyles('Checkbox', props);
-    const { label, onChange, className, ...rest } = cleanedProps;
+    const { classNames } = useStyles('Checkbox');
+    const { className, children, ...rest } = props;
 
-    const checkboxElement = (
-      <CheckboxPrimitive.Root
+    return (
+      <RACheckbox
         ref={ref}
         className={clsx(classNames.root, styles[classNames.root], className)}
-        onCheckedChange={onChange}
         {...rest}
       >
-        <CheckboxPrimitive.Indicator
+        <div
           className={clsx(classNames.indicator, styles[classNames.indicator])}
         >
           <RiCheckLine size={12} />
-        </CheckboxPrimitive.Indicator>
-      </CheckboxPrimitive.Root>
-    );
-
-    return label ? (
-      <label className={clsx(classNames.label, styles[classNames.label])}>
-        {checkboxElement}
-        {label}
-      </label>
-    ) : (
-      checkboxElement
+        </div>
+        {children}
+      </RACheckbox>
     );
   },
 );
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/types.ts b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/types.ts
index 0240954afa..86e4b620b8 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/types.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/Checkbox/types.ts
@@ -13,17 +13,9 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+import { CheckboxProps as RACheckboxProps } from 'react-aria-components';
 
 /** @public */
-export interface CheckboxProps {
-  label?: string;
-  defaultChecked?: boolean;
-  checked?: boolean;
-  onChange?: (checked: boolean) => void;
-  disabled?: boolean;
-  required?: boolean;
-  className?: string;
-  name?: string;
-  value?: string;
-  style?: React.CSSProperties;
+export interface CheckboxProps extends RACheckboxProps {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
 }
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/utils/componentDefinitions.ts b/packages/ui/src/utils/componentDefinitions.ts
index 4f914cd1f9..e9ba832bf8 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/utils/componentDefinitions.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/utils/componentDefinitions.ts
@@ -89,12 +89,11 @@ export const componentDefinitions = {
   },
   Checkbox: {
     classNames: {
-      root: 'bui-CheckboxRoot',
-      label: 'bui-CheckboxLabel',
+      root: 'bui-Checkbox',
       indicator: 'bui-CheckboxIndicator',
     },
     dataAttributes: {
-      checked: [true, false] as const,
+      selected: [true, false] as const,
     },
   },
   Collapsible: {
diff --git a/plugins/mui-to-bui/src/components/BuiThemerPage/BuiThemePreview.tsx b/plugins/mui-to-bui/src/components/BuiThemerPage/BuiThemePreview.tsx
index e59f4e78dd..0b62134178 100644
--- a/plugins/mui-to-bui/src/components/BuiThemerPage/BuiThemePreview.tsx
+++ b/plugins/mui-to-bui/src/components/BuiThemerPage/BuiThemePreview.tsx
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export function BuiThemePreview({ mode, styleObject }: IsolatedPreviewProps) {
                   { value: 'option3', label: 'Option 3' },
                 ]}
               />
-              <Checkbox label="Checkbox Option" />
+              <Checkbox>Checkbox Option</Checkbox>
               <RadioGroup label="Radio Group" orientation="horizontal">
                 <Radio value="option-1">Option 1</Radio>
                 <Radio value="option-2">Option 2</Radio>