diff --git a/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.test.ts b/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.test.ts
index efede36212..e27713acb3 100644
--- a/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.test.ts
+++ b/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.test.ts
@@ -21,18 +21,14 @@ jest.mock('jose', () => ({
 }));
 jest.mock('@backstage/catalog-client');
 
+import { AuthenticationError } from '@backstage/errors';
 import express from 'express';
 import { JWT } from 'jose';
 import { Logger } from 'winston';
-import { AuthHandler, SignInResolver } from '../types';
-
-import { CatalogIdentityClient } from '../../lib/catalog';
-import { TokenIssuer } from '../../identity/types';
-
+import { AuthHandler, AuthResolverContext, SignInResolver } from '../types';
 import {
   createOauth2ProxyProvider,
   Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider,
-  Oauth2ProxyProviderOptions,
   OAuth2ProxyResult,
   OAUTH2_PROXY_JWT_HEADER,
 } from './provider';
@@ -72,10 +68,10 @@ describe('Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider', () => {
 
     provider = new Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider<any>({
       authHandler,
-      logger,
       signInResolver,
-      catalogIdentityClient: {} as CatalogIdentityClient,
-      tokenIssuer: {} as TokenIssuer,
+      resolverContext: {
+        _: 'resolver-context',
+      } as unknown as AuthResolverContext,
     });
   });
 
@@ -99,17 +95,17 @@ describe('Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider', () => {
     it('should throw an error when auth header is missing', async () => {
       mockRequest.header.mockReturnValue(undefined);
 
-      await provider.refresh(mockRequest, mockResponse);
-
-      expect(mockResponse.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(401);
+      await expect(provider.refresh(mockRequest, mockResponse)).rejects.toThrow(
+        AuthenticationError,
+      );
     });
 
     it('should throw an error if the bearer token is invalid', async () => {
       mockRequest.header.mockReturnValue('Basic asdf=');
 
-      await provider.refresh(mockRequest, mockResponse);
-
-      expect(mockResponse.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(401);
+      await expect(provider.refresh(mockRequest, mockResponse)).rejects.toThrow(
+        AuthenticationError,
+      );
     });
 
     it('should return if auth header is set and valid', async () => {
@@ -152,7 +148,7 @@ describe('Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider', () => {
             fullProfile: decodedToken,
           },
         },
-        { catalogIdentityClient: {}, logger, tokenIssuer: {} },
+        { _: 'resolver-context' },
       );
       expect(mockResponse.json).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
         backstageIdentity: {
@@ -183,12 +179,10 @@ describe('Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider', () => {
     });
 
     it('should create a valid provider', async () => {
-      const providerOptions = {
+      const factory = createOauth2ProxyProvider({
         authHandler,
         signIn: { resolver: signInResolver },
-      } as Oauth2ProxyProviderOptions<any>;
-
-      const factory = createOauth2ProxyProvider(providerOptions);
+      });
       const handler = factory({
         logger,
         catalogApi: {},
diff --git a/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.ts b/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.ts
index f89f759270..ed3e5bce81 100644
--- a/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.ts
+++ b/plugins/auth-backend/src/providers/oauth2-proxy/provider.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 import express from 'express';
-import { Logger } from 'winston';
 import { AuthenticationError } from '@backstage/errors';
 import { getBearerTokenFromAuthorizationHeader } from '@backstage/plugin-auth-node';
 import {
@@ -24,10 +23,9 @@ import {
   AuthProviderFactory,
   AuthProviderRouteHandlers,
   AuthResponse,
+  AuthResolverContext,
 } from '../types';
-import { CatalogIdentityClient } from '../../lib/catalog';
 import { JWT } from 'jose';
-import { TokenIssuer } from '../../identity/types';
 import { prepareBackstageIdentityResponse } from '../prepareBackstageIdentityResponse';
 
 export const OAUTH2_PROXY_JWT_HEADER = 'X-OAUTH2-PROXY-ID-TOKEN';
@@ -71,28 +69,22 @@ export type Oauth2ProxyProviderOptions<JWTPayload> = {
 };
 
 interface Options<JWTPayload> {
-  logger: Logger;
+  resolverContext: AuthResolverContext;
   signInResolver: SignInResolver<OAuth2ProxyResult<JWTPayload>>;
   authHandler: AuthHandler<OAuth2ProxyResult<JWTPayload>>;
-  tokenIssuer: TokenIssuer;
-  catalogIdentityClient: CatalogIdentityClient;
 }
 
 export class Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider<JWTPayload>
   implements AuthProviderRouteHandlers
 {
-  private readonly logger: Logger;
-  private readonly catalogIdentityClient: CatalogIdentityClient;
+  private readonly resolverContext: AuthResolverContext;
   private readonly signInResolver: SignInResolver<
     OAuth2ProxyResult<JWTPayload>
   >;
   private readonly authHandler: AuthHandler<OAuth2ProxyResult<JWTPayload>>;
-  private readonly tokenIssuer: TokenIssuer;
 
   constructor(options: Options<JWTPayload>) {
-    this.catalogIdentityClient = options.catalogIdentityClient;
-    this.logger = options.logger;
-    this.tokenIssuer = options.tokenIssuer;
+    this.resolverContext = options.resolverContext;
     this.signInResolver = options.signInResolver;
     this.authHandler = options.authHandler;
   }
@@ -104,17 +96,10 @@ export class Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider<JWTPayload>
   async refresh(req: express.Request, res: express.Response): Promise<void> {
     try {
       const result = this.getResult(req);
-
       const response = await this.handleResult(result);
-
       res.json(response);
     } catch (e) {
-      this.logger.error(
-        `Exception occurred during ${OAUTH2_PROXY_JWT_HEADER} refresh`,
-        e,
-      );
-      res.status(401);
-      res.end();
+      throw new AuthenticationError('Refresh failed', e);
     }
   }
 
@@ -125,20 +110,14 @@ export class Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider<JWTPayload>
   private async handleResult(
     result: OAuth2ProxyResult<JWTPayload>,
   ): Promise<AuthResponse<{ accessToken: string }>> {
-    const ctx = {
-      logger: this.logger,
-      tokenIssuer: this.tokenIssuer,
-      catalogIdentityClient: this.catalogIdentityClient,
-    };
-
-    const { profile } = await this.authHandler(result, ctx);
+    const { profile } = await this.authHandler(result, this.resolverContext);
 
     const backstageSignInResult = await this.signInResolver(
       {
         result,
         profile,
       },
-      ctx,
+      this.resolverContext,
     );
 
     return {
@@ -193,18 +172,12 @@ export const createOauth2ProxyProvider =
       resolver: SignInResolver<OAuth2ProxyResult<JWTPayload>>;
     };
   }): AuthProviderFactory =>
-  ({ catalogApi, logger, tokenIssuer, tokenManager }) => {
+  ({ resolverContext }) => {
     const signInResolver = options.signIn.resolver;
     const authHandler = options.authHandler;
-    const catalogIdentityClient = new CatalogIdentityClient({
-      catalogApi,
-      tokenManager,
-    });
     return new Oauth2ProxyAuthProvider<JWTPayload>({
-      logger,
+      resolverContext,
       signInResolver,
       authHandler,
-      tokenIssuer,
-      catalogIdentityClient,
     });
   };