diff --git a/.changeset/fix-catalog-refresh-state-deadlock.md b/.changeset/fix-catalog-refresh-state-deadlock.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..867bafce49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-catalog-refresh-state-deadlock.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@backstage/plugin-catalog-backend': patch
+---
+
+Fixed a deadlock in the catalog processing loop that occurred when running multiple replicas. The `getProcessableEntities` method used `SELECT ... FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED` to prevent concurrent processors from claiming the same rows, but the call was not wrapped in a transaction, so the row locks were released before the subsequent `UPDATE` executed. This allowed multiple replicas to select and update overlapping rows, causing PostgreSQL deadlock errors (code 40P01).
diff --git a/plugins/catalog-backend/src/processing/DefaultCatalogProcessingEngine.ts b/plugins/catalog-backend/src/processing/DefaultCatalogProcessingEngine.ts
index 9416fceea1..0f3f764901 100644
--- a/plugins/catalog-backend/src/processing/DefaultCatalogProcessingEngine.ts
+++ b/plugins/catalog-backend/src/processing/DefaultCatalogProcessingEngine.ts
@@ -143,8 +143,10 @@ export class DefaultCatalogProcessingEngine {
       loadTasks: async count => {
         try {
           const { items } =
-            await this.processingDatabase.getProcessableEntities(this.knex, {
-              processBatchSize: count,
+            await this.processingDatabase.transaction(async tx => {
+              return this.processingDatabase.getProcessableEntities(tx, {
+                processBatchSize: count,
+              });
             });
           return items;
         } catch (error) {