diff --git a/.changeset/few-seas-fail.md b/.changeset/few-seas-fail.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ace0f3515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/few-seas-fail.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+'@backstage/plugin-permission-common': patch
+---
+
+Added `PermissionEvaluator`, which will replace the existing `PermissionAuthorizer` interface. This new interface provides stronger type safety and validation by splitting `PermissionAuthorizer.authorize()` into two methods:
+
+- `authorize()`: Used when the caller requires a definitive decision.
+- `query()`: Used when the caller can optimize the evaluation of any conditional decisions. For example, a plugin backend may want to use conditions in a database query instead of evaluating each resource in memory.
diff --git a/plugins/permission-common/api-report.md b/plugins/permission-common/api-report.md
index ab0c68470d..2f283c0d8d 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-common/api-report.md
+++ b/plugins/permission-common/api-report.md
@@ -15,6 +15,20 @@ export type AnyOfCriteria<TQuery> = {
   anyOf: NonEmptyArray<PermissionCriteria<TQuery>>;
 };
 
+// @public
+export type AuthorizePermissionRequest =
+  | {
+      permission: Exclude<Permission, ResourcePermission>;
+      resourceRef?: never;
+    }
+  | {
+      permission: ResourcePermission;
+      resourceRef: string;
+    };
+
+// @public
+export type AuthorizePermissionResponse = DefinitivePolicyDecision;
+
 // @public
 export type AuthorizeRequestOptions = {
   token?: string;
@@ -78,6 +92,11 @@ export type EvaluatePermissionResponse = PolicyDecision;
 export type EvaluatePermissionResponseBatch =
   PermissionMessageBatch<EvaluatePermissionResponse>;
 
+// @public
+export type EvaluatorRequestOptions = {
+  token?: string;
+};
+
 // @public
 export type IdentifiedPermissionMessage<T> = T & {
   id: string;
@@ -163,6 +182,18 @@ export type PermissionCriteria<TQuery> =
   | NotCriteria<TQuery>
   | TQuery;
 
+// @public
+export interface PermissionEvaluator {
+  authorize(
+    requests: AuthorizePermissionRequest[],
+    options?: EvaluatorRequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<AuthorizePermissionResponse[]>;
+  query(
+    requests: QueryPermissionRequest[],
+    options?: EvaluatorRequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<QueryPermissionResponse[]>;
+}
+
 // @public
 export type PermissionMessageBatch<T> = {
   items: IdentifiedPermissionMessage<T>[];
@@ -173,6 +204,15 @@ export type PolicyDecision =
   | DefinitivePolicyDecision
   | ConditionalPolicyDecision;
 
+// @public
+export type QueryPermissionRequest = {
+  permission: ResourcePermission;
+  resourceRef?: never;
+};
+
+// @public
+export type QueryPermissionResponse = PolicyDecision;
+
 // @public
 export type ResourcePermission<TResourceType extends string = string> =
   PermissionBase<
diff --git a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts
index 6aaabf978d..1bc9af5ad8 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/api.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+import { ResourcePermission } from '.';
 import { Permission } from './permission';
 
 /**
@@ -182,3 +183,72 @@ export type EvaluatePermissionResponse = PolicyDecision;
  */
 export type EvaluatePermissionResponseBatch =
   PermissionMessageBatch<EvaluatePermissionResponse>;
+
+/**
+ * Request object for {@link PermissionEvaluator.authorize}. If a {@link ResourcePermission}
+ * is provided, it must include a corresponding `resourceRef`.
+ * @public
+ */
+export type AuthorizePermissionRequest =
+  | {
+      permission: Exclude<Permission, ResourcePermission>;
+      resourceRef?: never;
+    }
+  | { permission: ResourcePermission; resourceRef: string };
+
+/**
+ * Response object for {@link PermissionEvaluator.authorize}.
+ * @public
+ */
+export type AuthorizePermissionResponse = DefinitivePolicyDecision;
+
+/**
+ * Request object for {@link PermissionEvaluator.query}.
+ * @public
+ */
+export type QueryPermissionRequest = {
+  permission: ResourcePermission;
+  resourceRef?: never;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Response object for {@link PermissionEvaluator.query}.
+ * @public
+ */
+export type QueryPermissionResponse = PolicyDecision;
+
+/**
+ * A client interacting with the permission backend can implement this evaluator interface.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export interface PermissionEvaluator {
+  /**
+   * Evaluates {@link Permission | Permissions} and returns a definitive decision.
+   */
+  authorize(
+    requests: AuthorizePermissionRequest[],
+    options?: EvaluatorRequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<AuthorizePermissionResponse[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Evaluates {@link ResourcePermission | ResourcePermissions} and returns both definitive and
+   * conditional decisions, depending on the configured
+   * {@link @backstage/plugin-permission-node#PermissionPolicy}. This method is useful when the
+   * caller needs more control over the processing of conditional decisions. For example, a plugin
+   * backend may want to use {@link PermissionCriteria | conditions} in a database query instead of
+   * evaluating each resource in memory.
+   */
+  query(
+    requests: QueryPermissionRequest[],
+    options?: EvaluatorRequestOptions,
+  ): Promise<QueryPermissionResponse[]>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for {@link PermissionEvaluator} requests.
+ * @public
+ */
+export type EvaluatorRequestOptions = {
+  token?: string;
+};
diff --git a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts
index 1a993a981c..f244a70b1a 100644
--- a/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/plugins/permission-common/src/types/index.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ export type {
   EvaluatePermissionResponseBatch,
   IdentifiedPermissionMessage,
   PermissionMessageBatch,
+  AuthorizePermissionRequest,
+  AuthorizePermissionResponse,
+  QueryPermissionRequest,
+  QueryPermissionResponse,
+  EvaluatorRequestOptions,
+  PermissionEvaluator,
   ConditionalPolicyDecision,
   DefinitivePolicyDecision,
   PolicyDecision,